Factors Predicting Self-Care Behaviors among low health literacy hypertensive patients based on Health Belief Model in Bushehr district, south of Iran

Azam Larki; Mahnoush Reisi; Rahim Tahmasebi

Authors

Azam Larki Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Mahnoush Reisi Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Rahim Tahmasebi Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

Keywords:

Self-Care Behaviors, health literacy, Hypertension, Iran

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge, which can lead to very serious consequences. The most important strategy for controlling blood pressure and maintaining it in the optimal range is patient compliance with self-care behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing adherence to self-care behaviors among low health literacy hypertensive patients based on health belief model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 hypertensive patients with low health literacy during July and August 2017. Patients with limited health literacy were identified by S-TOFHLA questionnaires. The data were collected using H-scale for assessing self-care behaviors and, HK-LS for assessing knowledge of hypertension. A researcher made questionnaire was applied for collecting data of health belief model constructs. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 with using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The mean (±SD) age of participants was 56.86(8.7). The best compliance with self-care behaviors was related to lack of alcohol (78.9%) and tobacco use (55.9%), and the lowest was related to low salt diet (5.3%) and proper use of drugs (9.2%). Perceived self-efficacy was associated with all self-care behaviors except medication regimens. There was a significant association between perceived susceptibility about hypertension complications and adherence to both low-salt diet (OR = 3.47) and non-smoking Behavior (OR = 1.10). Individuals who had more perceived severity (OR = 1.82), had significantly greater adherence to their medication regimens compared to those who had less perceived severity. Perceived benefits and barriers were not significantly associated with either type of hypertension self-care behaviors. Conclusion: It seems that designing and implementation of educational programs to increase self-efficacy of patients and promote their beliefs about perceived susceptibility and severity of complications, may be usefulness of the results in order to improve self-care behaviors among low health literacy hypertensive patients.

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