Intentos de suicidio y lesiones autoinfligidas en una cohorte nacional de veteranos con trastorno de estrés postraumático y lesión cerebral traumática
Palabras clave:
intentos de suicidio, lesiones autoinfligidas, trastorno de estrés postraumático, veteranos, lesión cerebral graveResumen
Las tasas de suicidio están aumentando a nivel mundial. Muchas de los suicidios consumados conllevan intentos previos. La identificación de riesgos en los intentos de suicidio puede proporcionar una oportunidad para lograr intervenciones rápidas y focalizadas en la prevención del suicidio. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia de intentos de suicidio y lesiones autoinfligidas (ISLA), y sus asociaciones con SEPT (síndrome de estrés postraumático) y/o LCG (lesión cerebral grave) relacionados con el despliegue militar y los intentos de suicidio. El objeto del estudio fue una gran cohorte nacional de veteranos desplegados antes y después del 11 de septiembre de 2001, que recibieron atención de la Administración de Salud de Veteranos (ASV) entre 1998 y 2014. Métodos : Se usaron datos clínicos de más de 1,400 establecimientos de ASV proporcionados por la Infraestructura de Informática y Computación de las Administraciones de Veteranos (IICAV), para la realización de análisis descriptivos y de regresión de Cox. Resultados : Hubo 1.327.604 pacientes en el estudio. De estos, algunos sólo tenían un diagnóstico de SEPT (1.121.818), otros sólo fueron diagnosticados con LCG (100.033), y otros tantos fueron diagnosticados con SEPT y LCG (105.753). La incidencia de ISLA en toda la cohorte fue de 351 por 100,000 años-persona. En el grupo con diagnóstico de SEPT esta tasa fue de 323, y en el grupo LCG fue de 181, mientras que en el grupo de SEPT y LCG fue de 835. En comparación al grupo con LCG, el riesgo ajustado de ISLA fue mayor en el grupo con SEPT (HR = 1.129; IC del 95% = 1.063 - 1.200) y mucho mayor en aquellos con SEPT y LCG (HR = 2.283; IC del 95% = 2.136 - 2.441). El riesgo de ISLA fue mayor para aquellos menores de 50 años, los divorciados o separados, las personas sin hogar, las mujeres no hispanas, aquellos que sufrieron abuso y negligencia como adultos, aquellos con un historial de abuso de sustancias, así como aquellos con ansiedad generalizada y trastornos de personalidad antisocial, y aquellos que estuvieron en el servicio militar antes del 9/11. La proporción de personas que intentaron suicidarse aumentó cada año posterior al diagnóstico de SEPT y/o LCG. Conclusión : Recomendamos priorizar los recursos para la prevención del suicidio entre los grupos de riesgo.
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